HACCP

HACCP is stand for Hazard analysis and critical control point. 

The coverage area of this system are food raw material storage, food production processes, food storage, and food distribution monitoring system for identification and control related to health and safety hazards. The purpose of this system is to eliminate and prevent any contaminations that may happen to the food industry, instead of end-production evaluation

The contribution of HACCP in food business is very critical, since this is the only way to notice the potential hazard that may happen in the future since the food product need to be ensure of its safety. It is critical because the product are prepared for safely consumable level.  This standard for the first time are proposed by the Codex Alimentarius Commissionfor the food industry in general, and meat, poultry, and seafood industry in particular, it has been adopted by some 150 countries nowdays. And I believe the number will increase significantly in the future.

Among implementation for years, HACCP proved to be a vital tool for ensuring the quality and standards used by international healthy standard for human consumption. This system should be applied by company which want to deliver and provide their product in perfect standard

Simply said that for those who want to make sure that the all steps and area, especially the most important areas of your business are getting the proper handling and monitoring then you just need to focus on the HACCP.

All of food industry, especially the beef industry, facing the fact of fears from the consumers since they found so many reports of mad cow disease, so its important, no doubt to implement HACCP standards is mandatory to ensure consumer safety and confidence in consuming the country's beef products.

So, how does HACCP work in food production?

I noticed  that the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods, which serve as the foundation for a HACCP system have develop 7 principles. They are:

1. Conduct a hazard analysis or hazard identification to identify potential hazards that could occur in the food production process.
2. Identify the critical control points (CCPs) -- those points in the process where the potential hazards could occur and can be prevented and/or controlled.
3. Figure out critical limits for preventive measures associated with each CCP. A critical limit is a criterion that must be met for each CCP.
4.  Provide CCP monitoring requirements to ensure each CCP stays within its limit.
5. Provide a corrective action if monitoring determines a CCP is not within the established limits. In case a problem occurs, corrective actions must be available to make sure no public health hazard occurs.
6. Set up effective recordkeeping system that document the HACCP system is working properly. Records should document CCP monitoring, verification activities and deviation records.
7. Set up procedures for verifying that the HACCP system is working properly. Verification procedures may include reviewing the HACCP plan, CCP records, and critical limits as well as conducting microbial sampling. Both plant personnel and Food Safety inspectors will conduct verification activities so the information that have been taken is valid

Hazard Identification for haccp

Food safety programs nowadays is tend to design to work preventive action more than handling problem caused by wrong implementation of food safety aspects. I do believe most of us already aware about this facts. Before we continue talking about hazard prevention program related to food safety issues, we need to know first about what is the hazard identification its self for sure.  People often has lack of knowing or observing what kind of things that can possible to happen to cause everything goes wrong. By knowing all of that, that is hazard identification step

The 3 easy steps to identify hazards in your food industry

I have notice several simple and easy steps for you to do, so you will have the description on where the program should be started. So the hazard identification can be started immediately at your working area of food business. You can add more if you want, for sure :

1. Brainstorm with your team

Find information as much as you can of knowing and experience from your haccp team and production staff since they are the people who dealing with food and process chain directly. The hazard can be stated based on the past experience that effect to the food business. More information you got, the more better for the hazard identification program you may applied.

2. Review food recall media release or food incident Record

If there has been a food recall take note of the type of product and the issue reported or any food incident report, then you can just use this information to review whether the same hazard is possible to happen or not to your food business. Please take a note that just because your food business hasn’t had a food recall or incident to a particular issue, it doesn’t mean that it won’t happen in the future to your food business. Lesson learned can be also taken form other’s experience

3. Review and evaluate your customer complaint

Most of serious industry have taking seriously to their customer satisfaction and feedback. Customer feedback, including complaints is a valuable tool when identifying hazards in your food business. These complaints will easily identify things that have gone wrong in your food business as identified by your customers. Every customer compliant should be reviewed seriously to identify the hazard, means the type of hazard and source of the hazard.

ZTE STAR 2

ZTE STAR 2 - Mobile phone Vendors from China, ZTE launched its latest smartphone, dubbed as the star 2 star 1 contrast with ZTE, ZTE star 2 equipped with a 5-inch screen 1080p resolution, powered by a quad-core 2.3GHz Snapdragon processor 801 coupled with 2GB of RAM.

Other features offered include 13-megapixel main camera with dual-LED flash, front camera 5 megapixel camera, 16 GB of internal memory expandable via microSD card biased. ZTE Star 2 has a sleek design, where bazel was only 1.18 mm while the body is only 6.9 mm thick.

Interesting and impressed lux is because Android 4.4-based smartphone kitkat is made with aluminum alloy material class of aircraft. While its 5-inch screen is coated with a protective Gorilla Glass 3.

ZTE STAR 2

ZTE Star 2

This ZTE Star 2 mobilephone that newly launched Star 2 is equipped with a high-power processor bang of a quad-core Krait 400 which has a runway capacity of 2.3 GHz and combined with the help of a Qualcomm Snapdragon chipset 801 MSM8974AB along with Adreno 330 graphics processor that is quite reliable. In the operating system, mobile tech Voice Control System has not been using the Android operating system v5 Lollipop, but still

Lenovo VIBE X2

Lenovo VIBE X2 - A year since Lenovo introduced its flagship smarthphone sector, VIBE, and the positive response arose from the minds of the consumen.Eventhough  2014 was almost over at the moment, it does not stop Lenovo from spawned a new pearl in line VIBE.Lenovo VIBE X2 in design with full passion and innovation that course is addressed to those who care for perfection in all aspects.

    For example only the physical design of Lenovo VIBE X2. He designed a unique way to adopt three different layers, X2 VIBE design is a lot to learn from the side of our lives which also comprises many layers, or in general terms, life is so berwarna.VIBE X2 look elegant with the corners of his stiff terms of specifications, Lenovo has provided VIBE X2 with the best components in its class. The fact VIBE X2 is one of the first phones to pack the Media Tek's latest processor, which is the speed of the chip octacore with 2,0GHz and support for LTE networks, 2GB RAM might VIBE X2 comes complete overall and ensure all tasks that you provide may take place without barriers in full-screen HD 5-incnya

       The camera has become the focus of Lenovo since X2 VIBE first launched last year, and it still continues to be a focus on VIBE X2.Sensor 13-megapixel main camera into the motor, while the 5-megapixel sensor is ready to capture every face narcissistic its users. VIBE X2 camera software has also been designed so that it can accommodate optical components. A number of shooting modes on offer in order to increase the flexibility and in generating composition. And the most interesting is, X2 VIBE camera has been equipped with voice and gesture control so that you can strengthen the grip and reduce the risk of the images blurry.

       Back to the topic of the design, the concept of multi-layer is made not without a reason.

Haier Elegance - Smalest Mobile Phone Ever

Everyone likes to use small and simple gadget, especially the main gadget they used in their daily activities just like a mobile phone. In this case, simple also means its dimension.

Haier Elegance a product of Haier Company is no doubt bringing a smart innovation in phone market.  With the size of 90.6 x 35.3 x 18.2mm its has been known as the smallest phone in the world and weighing only a mere 64 grams, so yes this is a tiny phone. It’s long almost the same with normal credit card. The Elegance from Haier features a 1.1 inch Organic LED screen plus, MP3 player, FM radio and Bluetooth technology.

I believe people love to bring simple things, especially a man. While in other side, a women love to bring beautiful accessories for their needs. And this gadget Haier Elegance, offer both need for both man and women.

Since this gadget has built-in battery that surely tiny, but it still support to manage up to three hours' talk time. It comes equipped with Bluetooth 1.2 and wireless stereo support Other, Tri-band GSM 900/1800/1900, 11 hours play time, and 200 hours standby and 128MB of built in memory. 

This mobile phone can also allow you to expand its memory via the Micro SD up to a max 1.128GB, MP3 ringtones which is cool and an all this for a little £165 unlocked. Made by China's Haier and dubbed the Elegance, the 9.1 x 3.5 x 1.8cm, 64g micro-phone packs in a tri-band GSM cellular link, an FM radio and an MP3 player. What a simple mobile phone!

Kuta Beach, Bali, Indonesia

The Kuta Beach is the first beautiful place in Bali, and its more well known by foreign tourist rather than other tourist destination in Indonesia. Its take 3.6 km from the Ngurah Rai Airport. Kuta is administratively a district (kecamatan) and subdistrict/village (kelurahan) in southern Bali, Indonesia. A former fishing village, it was one of the first towns on Bali to see substantial tourist development, and as a beach resort remains one of Indonesia's major tourist destinations. It is known internationally for its long sandy beach, varied accommodation, many restaurants and bars, and many renowned surfers who visit from Australia. It is located near Bali's Ngurah Rai Airport. It’s a perfect place to enjoy sunset, So people called it sunset beach.  
The 1st Bali bombing (202 killed) was happened at last October 12, 2002  and the 2nd Bali Bombing was at October 1, 2005  (26 killed).

The Balinese Provincial Government has taken the view that the preservation of the Balinese culture, natural resources and wildlife are of primary importance in the development of the island. To this end they have limited tourist development to the peninsula on the extreme southern aspect of the island; Kuta beach is on the western side of this peninsula and Sanur is on the east. To the north of the peninsula no new tourist development is supposedly permitted.

To the south, Kuta Beach extends beyond the airport into Jimbaran. Other nearby  towns  and  villages include  Seseh, Denpasar, Ujung, Pesanggaran,  Kedonganan and Tuban.


There are 2 nearst place to rest from kuta beach, They are Discovery Kartika Plaza Hotel, a five star hotel. Its about 0,16 Km from  Kuta Beach and Bali Dinasty Resort about 0.22 Km from the beach.

Crane

...The first cranes were invented by the Ancient Greeks and were powered by men or beasts-of-burden, such as donkeys. These cranes were used for the construction of tall buildings. Larger cranes were later developed, employing the use of human treadwheels, permitting the lifting of heavier weights....

A modern crawler type derrick crane with outriggers. The latticed boom is fitted with a jib.

An old manual crane with a pivoted boom. The incline of the boom is controlled by means of chains, sprockets and gears.
A crane is a lifting machine equipped with a winder (also called wire rope drum), wire ropes or chains and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight; in the construction industry for the movement of materials; and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.

Overview

Harbor cranes loading cargo on a ship at the Mundra Port in India.
The first cranes were invented by the Ancient Greeks and were powered by men or beasts-of-burden, such as donkeys. These cranes were used for the construction of tall buildings. Larger cranes were later developed, employing the use of human treadwheels, permitting the lifting of heavier weights. In the High Middle Ages, harbour cranes were introduced to load and unload ships and assist with their construction – some were built into stone towers for extra strength and stability. The earliest cranes were constructed from wood, but cast iron and steel took over with the coming of the Industrial Revolution.
For many centuries, power was supplied by the physical exertion of men or animals, although hoists in watermills and windmills could be driven by the harnessed natural power. The first 'mechanical' power was provided by steam engines, the earliest steam crane being introduced in the 18th or 19th century, with many remaining in use well into the late 20th century. Modern cranes usually use internal combustion engines or electric motors and hydraulic systems to provide a much greater lifting capability than was previously possible, although manual cranes are still utilised where the provision of power would be uneconomic.
Cranes exist in an enormous variety of forms – each tailored to a specific use. Sizes range from the smallest jib cranes, used inside workshops, to the tallest tower cranes, used for constructing high buildings, and the largest floating cranes, used to build oil rigs and salvage sunken ships.
This article also covers lifting machines that do not strictly fit the above definition of a crane, but are generally known as cranes, such as stacker cranes and loader cranes.

Reference : www.wikipedia.com

Construction Safety

...Construction is the most dangerous land based work sector in Europe (the fishing industry being more dangerous). In the European Union, the fatal accident rate is nearly 13 workers per 100,000 as against 5 per 100,000 for the all sector average (Source: Eurostat)....

In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of multitasking. Normally the job is managed by the project manager and supervised by the construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project architect.
For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, site safety, availability of materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays, preparing tender documents, etc.

A site-safety sign at a highway overpass construction site describing the mandatory safety procedures and equipment.

Construction is the most dangerous land based work sector in Europe (the fishing industry being more dangerous). In the European Union, the fatal accident rate is nearly 13 workers per 100,000 as against 5 per 100,000 for the all sector average (Source: Eurostat).

In the U.S. there were 1,225 fatal occupational injuries in the construction sector in 2001 with an incidence rate of 13.3 per 100,000 employed workers. [1] For the same year the construction industry experienced 481,400 nonfatal injuries and illnesses at a rate of 7.9 per 100 full-time workers in the industry. [2] Construction has about 6% of U.S. workers, but 20% of the fatalities - the largest number of fatalities reported for any industry sector.[3]
The problem is not that the hazards and risks are unknown, it is that they are very difficult to control in a constantly changing work environment

Hazards to construction workers

The leading safety hazards on site are falls from height, motor vehicle crashes, electrocution, machines, and being struck by falling objects. Some of the main health hazards on site are asbestos, solvents, noise, and manual handling activities.

Hazards to non-workers

Many construction sites cannot completely exclude non-workers. Road construction sites must often allow traffic to pass through. This places non-workers at some degree of risk.
This sign and advisory plate penetrated the windshield and roof of a car in a side-impact test crash. A safer sign would have stiffer uprights, no advisory plate and the flashing light would be moved to the point of the sign to spread the impact force.
Road construction sites are blocked-off and traffic is redirected. The sites and vehicles are protected by signs and barricades. However, sometimes even these signs and barricades can be a hazard to vehicle traffic. For example, improperly designed barricades can cause cars that strike them to roll over or even be thrown into the air. Even a simple safety sign can penetrate the windshield or roof of a car if hit from certain angles.


Reference :

...www[dot]wikipedia[dot]com....

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

...Some job sometime produce more than one type of hazards, it’s depending on the characteristic and the complexity of the job. More hazards created from the job, more potential loss /injury this can be...

PPE is equipments that being used by operators to protect them from hazards which possible to expose them in their working environment while they are working. This hazard can be a physical, chemical, or even a biological one. Some job sometime produce more than one type of hazards, it’s depending on the characteristic and the complexity of the job. More hazards created from the job, more potential loss /injury this can be.
PPE is not the best and the first step to control and manage the hazard. But it is the last one. There are engineering and administrative control before it. The best and the first step to control the hazard are by using mechanical or engineering control. If those steps can be applied well, this will stop hazard from its source. But, this is sometime cannot be applied well since sometime the engineering control will stop or at least reduce the function of the tools or equipments that have been modified. Sometime it is also annoying the operator to do the job well. An eye protector that has been made from transparent acrylic for sawing machine will reduce their visual. In certain condition, this will create another hazard than become a protection, at least this will make their productivity less. That is way combination between two or three control steps sometime need to be applied in order to create safer working environment for the operator.

There are several weaknesses of this steps, they are:

•It’s need regular and effective supervising to ensure all operator wear the PPE in proper way.
•All operator must be trained well regarding on how to use PPE properly
•And off course it is required more money to buy all the PPE.
•The PPE will reduce the comfortable of operator while they work, in some case if the usage is not wear properly then it will raise a new hazard.
•Sometime, if training is not given to the operator they may think that all the hazard already eliminate from their working area but it’s NOT.

PS : Picture taken from :www[dot]wildlandfire[dot]com

Administrative Control

...Administrative control will not eliminate the hazard to expose to the working environment, but with the proper implementations, this control will protect the operator from having direct contact with the potential hazard...

When Re-engineering steps (people often call this as mechanical or engineering control) as the best and the first step of hazard management and hazard control does not work to reducing the risk and hazard level, the administrative control are need to be applied. Administrative control will not eliminate the hazard to expose to the working environment, but with the proper implementations, this control will protect the operator from having direct contact with the potential hazard. But, again.. please keep in mind this will NOT eliminate the hazards itself. This only prevents the operator by stopping them from having direct contact with the hazard if only the term and condition of protection are fulfilled.

Several administrative controls that can be made i.e.:

•Hazard identifications and socialization from risk assessment’s result
•Job Safety Analysis drill for every operator to create safety behavior and safety minded
•Safe Standard Operating Procedure
•Training and meeting, such as toolbox meeting, evaluation meeting, etc
•Safe Work Instruction
•Safety sign and safety alert tools
•Job rotation and work shift schedule
•Incidents -Accident sharing and review, including accident statistic’s review
•Incident sharing
•Safety training and induction
•Safety promotions – safety contest
•Working environment measurement, such as noise measurement, heat measurement, dust measurement, etc.
•Recruitment based on safety aspect

This step usually applied as combination with the other control. Because of this cannot stop the hazard itself. Sometimes, it doesn’t enough to use only one step to control hazard. This is because some step control can’t properly applied 100%. Some machine will no longer run effectively when the modification being applied, and the other side some job will not run smoothly when job rotation being applied or existing safety sign and work instruction was not properly applied.

The weaknesses of this control are:

1.The administrative control required employee’s participation. Because they are the one who will be acts as subject and therefore they must participate actively. Without their cooperation all the system (read: administrative controls) you have been made means nothing.

2.Its need to be regularly socialized. To ensure all the employee are still have fresh memory on this.

3.It’s not stop the hazard itself, it just manipulate from the operator side.

PS: Picture taken from : www.masternewmedia.org

Engineering or Mechanical Control (Re – engineering)

..The best control is control from its source. The engineering or mechanical control is the first step, a very important thing to stop hazard at the starting period, when the hazard appears at the first time...

The best control is control from its source. The engineering or mechanical control is the first step, a very important thing to stop hazard at the starting period, when the hazard appears at the first time. It is strongly recommend to including the safety aspects into engineering or mechanical process. Both its purchasing and also maintenance process. When both if this already applied, the safety aspects are already including into its function. While keeping safety aspects into maintenance is also important to ensure that the entire machine is running based on the safe way according to its first condition, the original way when it’s bought at the first time.
Some of engineering or mechanical control for example:
1. Isolation
It’s by covering, isolating or giving limitation of the hazard interfere working environment/ ambient/ surrounding. Some time by closing permanently the machine, or just create a simple cover to stop the hazard expose to the operator. This isolation can be made for whole of machine’s body or just for small parts of the machine that considered can produce the hazard, such as: rotary parts, sharp edge, hot surface, chemical fume, slippery or dusty area, etc. All of those parts must be controlled by isolating them in order not to create hazard for the operator. This isolation technique must be done properly by considering the function of the machine so that isolation will not create the new hazard for the operator, i.e.: for operator who work in the covered and isolated room with those potential hazards.

2. Modification
The other solution to control hazard through engineering or mechanical control is by making some modifications to the machine that will reducing hazard’s exposure to the operator. For example by re-design the old machine which already missing its hand stopper or needle guarding for manual switching machine, or face shield or eye protector for molding machine to protect grams of steel dust spread into naked eye. This modification technique must also being done properly by considering the function of the machine so that modification will not create the new hazard for the operator.

3. Elimination
The elimination is the fastest way to control any unnecessary, any additional process that will create the potential hazard reach and exposed to the operator. This technique cannot be applied to all machine and process. Because the process which can be eliminate is not the main process, the process which without it’s, the production still can be done and reach the target.

4. Substitution
But sometime, when a process which considered as a primary problem which can lead to substandard condition and then create the accident, this then become an alternative solution then elimination technique, especially when those process can’t be deleted since those process is the primary process or vital one.

PS: Picture taken from : www[dot]validest[dot]com

Root Cause Analysis

...as a result, are the deeper investigation into the reason for the occurrence in the first place. The root cause or causes might be much deeper than outward symptoms reveal, and several layers may have to be pushed aside to reach the "root" cause..

The best action plan of any accident is to find the appropriate solution to stop the same accident happen again in the future. This s preventive action will be most effective if this is being applied to the real cause of accident. To find out the real cause, the root cause analysis must be applied. Root Cause Analysis is structured step by step technique that focuses on finding the real cause of a problem and dealing with rather than merely dealing with its symptoms. It is a process to help stakeholders to understand causes of a problem well enough to achieve permanent resolution of that problem.

The goal of a root Cause Analysis s to find out :
•What happened
•Why it happened
•What can be done to prevent the problem from happening again

A root cause is one of the most basic, or fundamental causes of the situation ( condition) with which we are concerned. Since the situation (condition) is usually affected by many things (physical conditions, human behaviour, behaviour of systems, or processes). Several root causes will usually be found.

THE BENEFIT OF ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS USAGE

Implementation of root cause analysis will help your company

•The benefits of Root Cause Analysis, as a result, are the deeper investigation into the reason for the occurrence in the first place. The root cause or causes might be much deeper than outward symptoms reveal, and several layers may have to be pushed aside to reach the "root" cause.
•identify barriers and the causes of problems, so that permanent solutions can be found.
•develop a logical approach to problem solving, using data that already exists in most operations.
•identify current and future needs for organizational improvement.
•establish repeatable, step-by-step processes, in which one process can confirm the results of another.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF LIMITATIONS OF ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS.

This method presupposes a single source of the problem. In reality, the situation may be more complex

General principles of root cause analysis

1.Focus on the basic cause of problem.
2.It must be performed systematically, with conclusions and causes backed up by documented evidence.
3.There may some root cause for any given problem.
4.To be effective the analysis must establish all known causal relationships between the root cause(s) and the defined problem.

General process for performing and documenting an RCA-based Corrective Action
Notice that RCA (in steps 3, 4 and 5) forms the most critical part of successful corrective action, because it directs the corrective action at the root of the problem. That is to say, it is effective solutions we seek, not root causes. Root causes are secondary to the goal of prevention, and are only revealed after we decide which solutions to implement.

1.Define the problem.
2.Gather data/evidence.
3.Ask why and identify the causal relationships associated with the defined problem.
4.Identify which causes if removed or changed will prevent recurrence.
5.Identify effective solutions that prevent recurrence, are within your control, meet your goals and objectives and do not cause other problems.
6.Implement the recommendations.
7.Observe the recommended solutions to ensure effectiveness.

Root cause analysis techniques
1. 5 Whys
2. Failure mode and effects analysis
3. Pareto analysis
4. Fault tree analysis
5. Bayesian inference
6. Ishikawa diagram, / fishbone diagram / cause and effect diagram
7. Cause Mapping
8. Barrier analysis -.
9. Change analysis –
10.Causal factor tree analysis .
11.TapRooT .
12.ARCA; Apollo Root Cause Analysis .
13.RPR Problem Diagnosis –

Reference :
1.Wikipedia.com
2.12manage.com
3.envisionsoftware.com

PS: Picture Taken from pinterest

PROCESS SAFETY

...PROCESS SAFETY is the shortened name for safety at Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHC) processes. Process Safety generally refers to the prevention of unintentional releases of chemicals, energy, or other potentially dangerous materials (including steam) during the course of refinery processes that can have a serious effect. ..

SCOUPE, FOCUS AND DEFINITION
Process Safety is A discipline that focuses on the prevention of catastrophic accidents, fires, explosions, toxic releases and accidental chemical associated with the use of chemicals and petroleum products.

PROCESS SAFETY is the shortened name for safety at Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHC) processes. Process Safety generally refers to the prevention of unintentional releases of chemicals, energy, or other potentially dangerous materials (including steam) during the course of refinery processes that can have a serious effect. Process safety involves, for example, the prevention of leaks, spills, equipment malfunction, over-pressures, over-temperatures, corrosion, metal fatigue and other similar conditions.
Chemical Process Safety = Process Safety. It is just another name. While Chemical Safety focus specifically to protection against the toxic effects of chemicals that arise in normal usage.

THE BACKGROUND
Process Safety was born on the banks of the Brandywine River in the early days of the 19th century at the E. I. du Pont black powder works. Recognizing that even a small incident could precipitate considerable damage and loss of life, du Pont directed the works to be built and operated under very specific safety conditions. Process Safety evolved as industry progressed through the 19th and 20th centuries, but really emerged as a industry-wide discipline following a major industrial accident in Bhopal, India, in which a catastrophic release of methyl isocyanate killed more than 3,000 people

In the twenty years since Bhopal, process safety has gained corporate importance, process safety expertise has extended into the general skill set of chemical and petroleum engineers and operators, and many industry-wide guidelines for process safety have been developed, largely through the efforts of CCPS.
It is important to keep in mind that process safety incidents are “high consequence, low frequency events.” Therefore, it is possible for a plant, and even the entire industry to have declining numbers of incidents for many years, and then have a very serious incident with little or no change in operation. Therefore, any progress in process safety must be viewed over a horizon of many years.
Most companies measure their progress in process safety by defining some kind of threshold for personal injury and property loss, and record process safety incidents exceeding that threshold for internal improvement purposes. While a group of companies belonging to the American Chemistry Council uses a consistent threshold definition, this practice is not uniform through the industry.

The Basics Need to Know about Emergency Preparedness:

First – Read and understand the MSDS of any chemicals, gases, and other energy you are handle about. And find what must be done in the case of emergency regarding to first aids treatments.

Second – know the sound of the emergency alarm, the all-clear signal, and other means of emergency communication from the plant

Three – in case of an off-plant release, you will usually respond by “sheltering-in-place.” To shelter-in-place, close all windows and doors, shut off all heating and air conditioning, and seal other openings to the outside, such as room air conditioner inlets and cracks under external doors.

Four - know how to evacuate if you are told to do so. There may be several alternate routes depending on the direction of the wind. Keep an evacuation kit handy so you don’t have to delay your escape while looking for critical items you have to take with you.

References :
www. Wikipedia.com
www.aiche.org

picture taken from www.thefreijecompany.

Occupational Disease

...The medical record history of those who suspect get the occupational disease is deadly important, so the medical database must be cover this purpose. Beside, a comprehensive diagnose from occupational physicist related to their working environment must be also well considered....

Occupational Disease is a disease (any chronic ailment) resulting from long-term exposure during employment in a particular type of work to conditions or substances that are danger to health.

In general, occupational diseases are related to exposures to physical, chemical or, controversially, psychological hazards; they usually develop over a period of time and often resemble or duplicate diseases occurring in other settings. An occupational disease is typically identified when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given body of workers than in the general population, or in other worker populations. By comparison, occupational injuries are mostly the immediate result of mechanical factors such as lifting or bending, or failures in safety measures resulting in accidents or fires. In practice, the dividing line is rather arbitrary (eg, established because of administrative convenience): certain types of injury, such as tendonitis resulting from repetitive movements, are counted as "diseases," and certain types of what would normally be considered a disease, such as acute poisoning by chemicals discovered immediately, are counted as "injuries". Occupational hazards that are of a traumatic nature (such as falls by roofers) are not considered to be occupational diseases.

Occupational diseases often develop over many months or years, depending on the intensity and circumstances of exposure. Cancer resulting from inhalation of ASBESTOS fibres, for example, generally takes at least 20 years to develop, and when it does develop it is difficult or impossible to identify the exact cause in the individual patient. Occupational diseases often resemble other medical conditions; for example, LEAD poisoning duplicates the symptoms of several illnesses, and asthma resulting from sensitization to chemicals in the workplace is often falsely attributed to exposures at home. For these reasons, most occupational diseases are often overlooked or misdiagnosed and are undercounted in statistical reports. They are more common than is generally realized.

The medical record history of those who suspect get the occupational disease is deadly important, so the medical database must be cover this purpose. Beside, a comprehensive diagnose from occupational physicist related to their working environment must be also well considered.

Bellow is the list of common Occupational Disease, its trigger and those who have potential risk to :


Musculoskeletal
Carpal tunnel syndrome amongs letter sorting, assembly work, computer work, food processing because of repetition, vibration, awkward postures, cold temperatur
De Quervain's tendinitis amongs Meatpacking, Manufacturing worker caused by Repetition, High force
Cervical strain, amongs Computer work caused by Static posture, repetition
Thoracic outlet syndrome, amongs Assembly worker caused by Static posture, repetition
Static posture, repetition

Respiratory
Interstitial fibrosis, among Mining, construction trades, building maintenance, Mining, foundry work, sandblasting caused by exposure of Asbestos, Silica, Coal
Asthma, among Laboratory worker, Baking, Furniture making, Plastics manufacturing, Hard metals manufacturing, Machine operation, Various occupations caused by Animal products, Wood dust, Isocyanates, Metals (e.g., cobalt), Cutting oils, Irritants (e.g., sulfur dioxide)
Bronchitis, Among Plating worker, Fire fighter, welder because of Moldy Hay, Cutting oils
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis among farmer, Machine operator because of Moldy Hay, Cutting oils
Upper airway irritation, among Office work, Teacher caused by Indoor air pollution (i.e., sick building syndrome)

Neourologic
Chronic encephalopathy, among whose who work at Painting, automobile body repair, Pesticide application, and Bridge work, painting, radiator repair, metal recycling. Caused by Organic Solvents, organophosphate pesticides, and Lead
Peripheral polyneuropathy among those who work at Pesticide application, Fabric coating caused by Organophosphate pesticides, Methyl butyl ketone
Hearing loss, can be happen to many occupations caused by Noise with over TLV

Infectious
Bloodborne infections, among Health care work, prison work caused by HIV, hepatitis B, etc
Airborne infections, among Health care work, prison work caused by Tuberculosis
Infections transmitted fecally or orally, among Health care worker, animal care worker caused by Hepatitis A
Zoonoses, can be happen to Forestry and other outdoor work caused exposured by Lyme disease


Cancer
Lung cancer, can happen to those who work as Construction trades, Welding, plating, Steelworking caused by Asbestor, Chromium, Coal tar, Pitch.
Liver Cancer among Plastics Manufacturing worker caused by exposure of Vynil Chloride
Bladder cancer among Plastics and chemical manufacturing worker because of exposured by Benzidine

Skin
Contact dermatitis, Can happen to Many occupations, Hairdressing, Health care work because of exposured by Organic solvents, Nickel, and Latex

Reproductive
Spontaneous abortion can be happen to those who work at Sterilizing process/ job because of exposured by Ethylene oxide
Sperm abnormalities, among Pesticide manufacturing worker caused by Dibromochloropropane
Birth defects, among Radiographic technicians caused by Ionizing radiation
Developmental abnormalities among Bridge worker, metal recycling worker caused by lead

Cardiovascular
Coronary artery disease, among Working with combustion products, Machine-paced work because of exposured by Carbon monoxide, stress

Gastrointestinal
Hepatitis among Electrical equipment manufacturing and repair caused by Polychlorinated biphenyls

PS : Picture taken from www.risk.state.ut.us

3 Steps of Hazard Management and Control

...The best way to control and manage hazard is mechanical/ technical control...

At my other posting, I wrote that every workplace will always potentially create its risk. This risk then become potential hazard in the future. Then soon become a hazard when it is not properly treated.

Hazard management is the next step after you as safety professional conduct the risk assessment. The best way to control and manage hazard is mechanical/ technical control.

1. Re-engineering/ mechanical control.
2. Administrative control (training, SOP, etc).
3. Use PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) as final choice.

But, there is a better condition that you must consider in this hazard management, so you no need to give extra effort to apply this 3 steps of hazard management and control. It is by including the safety requirement for every process of purchase. Both material and machinery. This will safe your energy much.

PS : Picture taken from : www [dot]forceequipment[dot]com.au

Commitment, a Keyword to Success !

...The commitment will rise policy, responsibility, care, and good teamwork, with less or without conflict. Because every job will be describe clearly. It will invite every body to participate in since the safety is everybody's business...

Every job need a master. But the master can be found or even can be create from internal organization with some very tight effort and screening. Every job need clear target of achievement, tools, and also team or organization structure. But the most important one, whatever job is it, its must be supported well. Support come from superior and decision maker (top management). No doubt that production will always be a first concern of the whole organization to get the best achievement from the target. In some very good company, they also concern the safety management system integrated into their management system. All people in the organization are responsible about safety in each working area. This is a commitment. The commitment will rise policy, responsibility, care, and good teamwork, with less or without conflict. Because every job will be describe clearly. It will invite every body to participate in since the safety is everybody's business. All effort are begin with the commitment and will be ended by good achievement. So, commitment is the beginning process, to get Best Achievement in the last process.

Never miss this magic word, pal!

Mapping Your Environment Through Safety Walktrough Inspection

...Technically, walk through inspection can be applied in to 2 ways. First, by visual methods. Looking for substandard action and substandard condition. And second, by interviewing employees and their supervisor or their other superior regarding the condition...

Every second is different!. The condition must be always controlling and updated.

One of the important activity for safety engineer to listing the unsafe condition in their surrounding is walk through inspection. This kind of inspection must be done by daily basis. The main goal of this activity is to know update condition of each department in the plant. By knowing those potential hazards, this will help the safety engineer to maintain their daily activity and their focus to the most important program first. Especially when you are new in your working environment, the risk assessment must be conducted. The ideal working time for safety engineer is 60 % outdoor activity and the rest for indoor activity (paper work, formal meeting, etc). No doubt, it is important for safety engineer to know the recent condition regarding what happen in their plan.

Technically, walk through inspection can be applied in to 2 ways. First, by visual methods. Looking for substandard action and substandard condition. And second, by interviewing employees and their supervisor or their other superior regarding the condition at their working place. But off course, it should be done in very smart ways, so they won't feel being watched or being intimidated :-). Remember, safety engineer/ officer is not a policeman. Do it correctly, and win a warm friendship plus accurate update safety finding.

Accident is Preventable !

......when the accident happen, they just blame the operator that propose to the 'human error' factor of the accident. No matter how tired, and how big the work pressure they got from the job at a whole day...

...

Everybody want to be happy!. When I was a Safety Engineer at a Multinational Shoes Factory in Sidoarjo, I often heard that some managers are not happy with the safety talk program taken before their worker start to work for about 5 - 10 minutes.

Safety talk is defined as inefficient program since it will take effective working hour of every single employees. Then when the accident happen, they just blame the operator that propose to the 'human error' factor of the accident. No matter how tired, and how big the work pressure they got from the job at a whole day. A safety refreshing program, such as safety talk is effective program to build a main frame of safety for the worker, to become a safety minded person. But this will take a whole of years to maintain their awareness about safety. Think safety, work safely. No body is happy when the accident happen, both company and worker. The production will disturb or even stop because of this accident. So, one more again, let's think safety, and work safely because accident is hurt, but Safety doesn't!

PS : Picture taken from www.i-tec.co.th

Accident is Hurt, But Safety Doesn't !

...when the accident happen, they just blame the operator that propose to the 'human error' factor of the accident. No matter how tired, and how big the work pressure they got from the job at a whole day...

Everybody want to be happy!. When I was a Safety Engineer at a Multinational Shoes Factory in Sidoarjo, I often heard that some managers are not happy with the safety talk program taken before their worker start to work for about 5 - 10 minutes. its proved by the decreasing number of safety talk group every week that we have been agreed at the formal meeting with the managers of production previously. Some of them are still commits but the others are not. They mentioned the reason, its the production time is so limited, while production target is so many.

Well, its not a surprise for me, since I knew that safety talk is defined as inefficient program since it will take effective working hour of every single employees. Then when the accident happen, they just blame the operator that propose to the 'human error' factor of the accident. No matter how tired, and how big the work pressure they got from the job at a whole day.

A safety refreshing program, such as safety talk is an effective program to build a main frame of safety for the worker, to become a safety minded person. But this will take a whole of years to maintain their awareness about safety. Think safety, work safely. No body is happy when the accident happen, both company and worker. The production will disturb or even stop because of this accident. So, one more again, let's think safety, and work safely because accident is hurt, but Safety doesn't!

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

...The most important parts of this activity is to find and mentioned the safe procedure how to do the job safely...

While a kind of job is required, It must be have been analyzed by competent people (Safety officer, safety inspector, Safety engineer, safety representatives, etc). This purpose of this kind of procedure is to ensure all the risk and hazard are already considered and being eliminated or at least much reduced.

The main activities of this procedure is listing all of working steps that must be taken to perform those kind of job. After the steps already listed, the next process is by analyze all potential risk / hazard that probably found and created in each step. This should be evaluated from human side (ex: physical requirement to perform the job), machine (is it already safe?, always in good condition) and also from environment aspect (material, workplace such as lighting, temperature, etc).

The most important parts of this activity is to find and mentioned the safe procedure how to do the job safely. Because a safe procedure and improvement recommendation will be found to support the achievement of safe work environment. Hopefully the sub standard condition will not found and creating loss and accident in the future.

Note:

Picture taken from : www[dot]osha[dot]gov